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Health Focus - August 2006

Zolpidem

August 30th 2006 22:40
Zolpidem :
Zolpidem is prescribed to treat insomnia, including problems with falling asleep, waking during the night, and early morning wakefulness. It is not clear how zolpidem works, but it may relieve insomnia by acting as a depressant of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).

Treatment :
Zolpidem should be taken immediately before bedtime. Since
it works quickly, you should be ready to go to bed right after
you take it. Zolpidem should be taken on an empty stomach
so that it works quickly. However, it may be taken with food
or a full glass of water to lessen stomach upset (unless your doctor tells you to do otherwise).


If you are taking zolpidem regularly and miss a dose, just skip it and return to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double the next dose.

Side Effects :

Minor: Diarrhea, drowsiness during the day, double or blurred vision, dryness of the mouth, headache, nausea, stomach pain, unusual dreams or nightmares, or vomiting. These side effects should diminish or disappear as your body adjusts to zolpidem.

Dry mouth can be relieved by chewing sugarless gum or sucking on hard candy.

Major: It is important to tell your doctor about any side effects that are persistent or particularly bothersome. IT IS ESPECIALLY IMPORTANT TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about confusion, dizzinesses or light-headedness, feeling depressed, hallucinations, irritability, trouble sleeping, or unusual excitedness or nervousness.

If zolpidem makes you feel dizzy, sit or lie down for a while, get up slowly from a sitting or reclining position, and be careful on stairs.

To help prevent dizziness or light-headedness when you stand, contract and relax the muscles of your legs for a few moments before rising. Do this by pressing one foot against the floor while raising the other foot slightly, alternating feet so that you are pumping your legs in a pedaling motion.


Interactions

Zolpidem may interact with a number of other medications:

Extreme drowsiness may occur when this medicine is taken with central nervous system depressants (alcohol, antihistamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepine tranquilizers, muscle relaxants, narcotics, pain medications, phenothiazine tranquilizers, and medications to induce sleep) or with antidepressants.


Zolpidem taken concurrently with chlorpromazine may increase the side effects of chlorpromazine.


To avoid drug interactions, it is very important that you do not take any over-the-counter (nonprescription) medications for weight control or for asthma, sinus problems, cough, cold, or allergy problems unless you first check with a doctor or pharmacist.
Before taking zolpidem, BE SURE TO TELL YOUR DOCTOR about any medications you are currently taking, especially any of those listed above.

Warnings :

Be sure to tell your doctor about any unusual or allergic reactions you may have had to zolpidem or to any other medications.


It is important that you take this medication only in the amount prescribed by your doctor. Zolpidem has the potential for abuse and must be used with caution. Do not increase the dose without consulting your doctor. It is important not to stop taking zolpidem suddenly if you have been taking large amounts or if you have used it for several weeks. Your doctor may want you to reduce the dosage slowly to avoid withdrawal reactions, such as stomach cramps, nervousness or panicky feelings, sweating, uncontrolled crying, vomiting, nausea, or unusual tiredness or weakness.


This drug is safe when used properly. However, serious side effects may develop if zolpidem is taken with alcohol or other sedative drugs.


If zolpidem makes you dizzy or drowsy, do not participate in any activity that requires alertness, such as driving a car or operating potentially dangerous equipment.


Be sure to tell your doctor if you are pregnant. Although no serious effects from zolpidem have been seen in animal studies, the effects during human pregnancy are not known. Also tell your doctor if you are breast-feeding an infant. Zolpidem does pass into breast milk, and its effects on infants are not known. You should discuss the risks and benefits of the medicine with your doctor.
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Kidney and working

August 29th 2006 21:52
kidney and working
kidney-nephron
Kidney and working :
kidneys are two bean-shaped organs, each about the size of your fist. They are located in the middle of your back, just below your rib cage, on either side of your spine. Your kidneys weigh about 0.5 percent of your total body weight. Although the kidneys are small organs by weight, they receive a huge amount -- 20 percent -- of the blood pumped by the heart. The large blood supply to your kidneys enables them to do the following tasks:

Regulate the composition of your blood
keep the concentrations of various ions and other important substances constant
keep the volume of water in your body constant
remove wastes from your body (urea, ammonia, drugs, toxic substances)
keep the acid/base concentration of your blood constant
Help regulate your blood pressure
Stimulate the making of red blood cells
Maintain your body's calcium levels
Your kidneys receive the blood from the renal artery, process it, return the processed blood to the body through the renal vein and remove the wastes and other unwanted substances in the urine. Urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. In the bladder, the urine is stored until it is excreted from the body through the urethra.
If you were to cut a kidney in half, you would see the following parts:

renal capsule - a thin, outer membrane that helps protect the kidney
cortex - a lightly colored outer region
medulla - a darker, reddish-brown, inner region
renal pelvis - a flat, funnel shaped cavity that collects the urine into the ureters.

Why You Urinate Soon After Drinking a Large Glass of Water :
When you drink a large glass of water, the water gets absorbed into the blood and the following happens:

The absorbed water increases the amount of water filtered in the glomerulus.
The absorbed water in the blood reduces the Na concentration a little.
The reduced Na concentration lowers the amount of Na filtered in the glomerulus.
The nephron reabsorbs all of the reduced Na load and some of the accompanying water, leaving excess water in the filtrate.
The reduced Na concentration is sensed by the osmoreceptors.
The osmoreceptors do not secrete as much ADH.
Because the collecting ducts do not see as much ADH, they do not allow much water to be reabsorbed in response to the Na concentration gradient set up by the loop of Henle.
The excess water gets excreted in the urine.
When the excess water is excreted, the Na concentration of the blood returns to normal.

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2007 Chevrolet Aveo

August 27th 2006 22:23
2007 Chevrolet Aveo :
Sedan versions of Chevrolet's smallest car get revised body work for 2007. Aveo sedans retain the wheelbase of 2004-2006 models, but are 3 inches longer overall and have freshened exterior and interior styling. The Aveo 4-dr hatchback is called Aveo5 for '07, but it repeats the styling and features of the 2004-2006 model. LS trim returns for both body styles. The base SVM model now comes only as a hatchback, the top-line LT only as a sedan. The sole engine is a 103-hp 4-cyl with a 5-speed manual transmission or optional 4-speed automatic. Front side airbags are standard; curtain side airbags are unavailable. SVM and LS models have 14-inch wheels; 15s are optional on LS hatchbacks, standard on LT. Newly standard on sedans is a digital audio player plug-in. Optional are ABS and sunroof.

Competition :
Consumer Guide® Automotive places each vehicle into one of 17 classes based on size, price, and market position. Compact Cars comprise the smallest passengers cars. These vehicles range from tiny economy models to slightly larger, popularly priced sedans, hatchbacks, and wagons.

Our Best Buys include Chrysler PT Cruiser, Honda Civic, Mazda 3, and Pontiac Vibe/Toyota Matrix twins. Our Recommended picks include Chevrolet Cobalt, Ford Focus, Hyundai Elantra, Kia Spectra, and Toyota Corolla.

New or significantly redesigned models include Chevrolet HHR, Hyundai Accent, Kia Rio, and Volkswagen Golf and Jetta.

2007 Chevrolet Aveo Road Test :
Consumer Guide's® seasoned auto editors road test more than 200 new cars and trucks each year. We evaluate each vehicle's on-road performance in ten critical areas: acceleration, fuel economy, ride quality, handling, quietness, interior controls, front-seat room, rear-seat room, cargo volume, and overall value. The Consumer Guide® 2007 Chevrolet Aveo road test gives you a quick snapshot of the vehicle's performance with pros, cons, and numeric ratings. Also included on select reviews are Editor's Comments and Long-Term Tests.

2007 Chevrolet Aveo Review :
To save time, we've collected all of our 2007 Chevrolet Aveo new-vehicle information on the Full Review page. This page includes what's new for this year, a Consumer Guide® road test, complete retail and invoice prices, detailed specifications and engine ratings, and crash-test information
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Airplanes and working

August 26th 2006 23:44
Airplanes and working
airplane-rear gear
Airplanes and working :
airplanes are one of the most amazing things that I see on a daily basis. When I get on a 747, I am boarding a gigantic vehicle capable of carrying 500 or 600 people. A 747 weighs up to 870,000 pounds at takeoff. Yet it rolls down the runway and, as though by magic, lifts itself into the air and can fly up to 7,000 nautical miles without stopping. It is truly incredible when you think about it!

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Jeep Hurricane and working

August 26th 2006 00:05
Jeep Hurricane and working
Jeep Hurricane
Jeep Hurricane and working :
If you're into off-roading -- and we mean really into it -- then Daimler-Chrysler recently unveiled the vehicle of your dreams. It's a Jeep with more horsepower, more climbing ability and more steering options than any car ever made. With two HEMI engines and the ability to turn itself completely around in place, the Jeep Hurricane concept car is truly one of a kind.

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Electricity and working

August 24th 2006 22:47
Electricity and working :
Electricity completely surrounds us -- For most of us, modern life would be impossible without it. Here are just a few examples:

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Ford Escape Hybrid and working

August 23rd 2006 23:03
Ford Escape Hybrid and working :
Hybrid vehicles offer the best fuel economy of any car on the market by combining an efficient gasoline engine with an electric motor and batteries that are constantly recharged. Until 2005, most hybrid cars were small, and they didn't have much horsepower or cargo space. The Ford Escape Hybrid changes all that.

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Natural Gas-Vehicles and working

August 22nd 2006 23:29
Natural gas engine and working
natural gas engine
Natural Gas-Vehicles and working :
Kermit the Frog once said, "It's not that easy bein' green." Although he wasn't referring to cars, his observation seems particularly appropriate for the auto industry today: Designing, developing and marketing "green" cars has not been an easy task, which is why gasoline-powered vehicles still rule the road and fossil fuels still account for almost 75 percent of the world's energy consumption. As gasoline prices soar and concern over harmful emission mounts, however, cars that run on alternate fuel sources will become increasingly important. A natural-gas vehicle, or NGV, is the perfect example of such a car -- it's fuel-efficient, environmentally friendly and offers a relatively low cost of ownership.

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Car Engines and working

August 21st 2006 22:40
Car Engines and working
Cooling system and parts
Car Engines and working :
The purpose of a gasoline car engine is to convert gasoline into motion so that your car can move. Currently the easiest way to create motion from gasoline is to burn the gasoline inside an engine. Therefore, a car engine is an internal combustion engine -- combustion takes place internally. Two things to note:

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Nuclear Power and working

August 20th 2006 23:25
Nuclear Power and working
Nuclear Power Generator
Nuclear Power and working :
Nuclear power plants provide about 17 percent of the world's electricity. Some countries depend more on nuclear power for electricity than others. In France, for instance, about 75 percent of the electricity is generated from nuclear power, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency. In the United States, nuclear power supplies about 15 percent of the electricity overall, but some states get more power from nuclear plants than others. There are more than 400 nuclear power plants around the world, with more than 100 in the United States.

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Floods and working

August 17th 2006 23:00
Your text goes here
Floods and working
Flood Cycle
Floods and working :
Water is one of the most useful things on Earth. We drink it, bathe in it, clean with it and use it to cook food. Most of the time, it is completely benign. But in large enough quantities, the very same stuff we use to rinse a toothbrush can overturn cars, demolish houses and even kill. Flooding has claimed millions of lives in the last hundred years alone, more than any other weather phenomenon.

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Electric cars and working

August 16th 2006 22:49
electric car and working
electric car-hood
Electric cars and working :
Electric cars are something that show up in the news all the time. There are several reasons for the continuing interest in these vehicles:

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Biodiesel and working

August 16th 2006 13:57
Biodiesel and working
biodiesel
Biodiesel and working :
In our daily routines, there's a good chance of someone mentioning it. Whether it's in automotives, economics, history, geography, or politics, oil has managed to filter into almost every aspect of our daily lives. It's one of the most discussed (and controversial) commodities that consumers rely on daily.
All of this talk about oil sparks continued interest in gasoline alternatives. Things like electric cars and hydrogen fuel cells are being talked about as feasible alternatives to oil. As technology improves, these concepts could become reality


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Hybrid Cars and working

August 15th 2006 23:28
Hybrid Cars and working
hybrid car engine
Hybrid Cars and working :
The auto industry has the technology to address these concerns. It's the hybrid car. There are a lot of models on the market these days, and most automobile manufacturers have announced plans to manufacture their own versions.

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Biodiesel and working

August 15th 2006 14:29
Biodiesel and working
biodiesel
Biodiesel and working :
In our daily routines, there's a good chance of someone mentioning it. Whether it's in automotives, economics, history, geography, or politics, oil has managed to filter into almost every aspect of our daily lives. It's one of the most discussed (and controversial) commodities that consumers rely on daily.
All of this talk about oil sparks continued interest in gasoline alternatives. Things like electric cars and hydrogen fuel cells are being talked about as feasible alternatives to oil. As technology improves, these concepts could become reality


[ Click here to read more ]
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Brain Port and working

August 14th 2006 23:19
Brain port and working
brain-port balance diagram
Brain port and working 2
brain-port vision diagram
Brain Port and working :
A blind woman sits in a chair holding a video camera focused on a scientist sitting in front of her. She has a device in her mouth, touching her tongue, and there are wires running from that device to the video camera. The woman has been blind since birth and doesn't really know what a rubber ball looks like, but the scientist is holding one. And when he suddenly rolls it in her direction, she puts out a hand to stop it. The blind woman saw the ball. Through her tongue.

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FRACTURE

August 14th 2006 08:48
FRACTURE :

A fracture is a break in a bone or cartilage. Among the possible consequences of a fracture are infection and damage to nearby nerves, blood vessels, and internal organs


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Buspirone

August 14th 2006 08:41
Buspirone :
Buspirone is prescribed as a treatment for the symptoms of anxiety or panic attacks. It is not yet understood exactly how this medication works. Buspirone has been shown to be effective in relieving symptoms of anxiety, but it is important that you try to identify and remove the cause of the anxiety as well.
Treatment


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Leflunomide

August 12th 2006 00:54
Leflunomide :
Leflunomide is used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It works by slowing the growth of rapidly proliferating cells. Leflunomide also has anti-inflammatory effects.

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Fluticasone

August 10th 2006 23:51
Fluticasone :
Fluticasone belongs to a group of drugs known as inhalation corticosteroids, which are cortisonelike medicines. They are used to help prevent the symptoms of asthma. When used regularly every day, inhalation corticosteroids decrease the number and severity of asthma attacks. However, they will not relieve an asthma attack that has already started. This medicine works by preventing certain cells in the lungs and breathing passages from releasing substances that cause asthma symptoms.

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Organ transplant and working

August 10th 2006 01:32
Organ transplant and working :
Sixty years ago, scientists were on the cusp of a revolutionary scientific breakthrough. In the preceding decades, researchers had had some success transplanting organs in animals, and there had even been a few failed attempts at human organ transplants. Numerous studies showed that human organ transplantation was feasible, and that it would be enormously beneficial to thousands of patients, but nobody had been able to make it work.

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Orlistat

August 9th 2006 02:45
Orlistat :
Orlistat is used as part of an overall treatment plan for weight loss. Successful weight-loss programs require diet modification and exercise. Orlistat works by blocking the absorption of fat from the gastrointestinal tract.

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Sleeping and Working

August 8th 2006 01:44
Sleep and working
The different stages of sleep
Sleeping and Working :
Sleep is one of the funny things about being a human being.

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13 Ways to cure Hiccups

August 7th 2006 04:13
13 Ways to cure Hiccups :
Hiccups are little more than a reflex. You get them when the vagus nerve or one of its branches, which runs from the brain to the abdomen, is irritated. Experts say hiccups are most often a reaction to common digestive disturbances. And they're usually more a nuisance than anything else. Even infants hiccup, and the reflex continues, about three to five times a year, throughout life.
The home remedies used to stop hiccups are believed to work on two principles. One way to stifle hiccups is to overwhelm the vagus nerve with another sensation. The vagus nerve signals the brain that more important matters have arisen, so it's time to knock off the hiccups. Other methods interfere with breathing, increasing the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood. This probably causes the body to become more concerned with getting rid of the carbon dioxide than making hiccups


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Body Mass Index and Working

August 6th 2006 00:47
Body Mass Index and working
BMI for boys
Body Mass Index and working
BMI comparison
Body Mass Index and working
BMI for girls
Body Mass Index and Working :
To find out how much you weigh, you simply step on a scale. But your weight alone can't tell you whether you're underweight, healthy, or overweight. If you're 6'4" and you weigh 200 pounds, you're probably at a healthy weight; but if you're 5'9" and weigh 200 pounds, you're probably overweight.
Because both height and weight are important to help determine if someone is overweight, scientists came up with a mathematical formula called Body Mass Index (BMI). This simple measurement helps doctors determine whether their patients are at a healthy weight or need to lose or gain a few pounds


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Working of Sunburn and Sun Tans

August 5th 2006 04:40
Working of Sunburn and Sun Tans :
There is something mysterious about the sun and skin. Why is it that if you go out on a bright summer day and spend an hour in the sun, you get a sunburn? You get a sunburn, that is, unless you happen to have taken the time to get a nice gradual tan. With a nice tan you can go out in the sun and nothing happens. Of course, that doesn't apply if you have "fair skin." The fair skinned among us never get a tan, so they always get sunburned. Unless of course they are wearing a sunscreen...
Sunburn and Sun Tans
Sun Tans and Sunburn

Does this make sense? What the heck is a sunscreen? And what is a tan? What is the difference between a tan and a burn? Why can you spread a little blob of lotion on yourself and be protected, but if you forget you are miserable


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Ultrasound and working

August 3rd 2006 23:50
Ultrasound and working
Ultrasound 3-Dimension images
Ultrasound and working
Parts of an Ultrasound
Ultrasound and working :
There are many reaons to get an ultrasound. Perhaps you are pregnant, and your obstetrician wants you to have an ultrasound to check on the developing baby or determine the due date. Maybe you are having problems with blood circulation in a limb or your heart, and your doctor has requested a Doppler ultrasound to look at the blood flow. Ultrasound has been a popular medical imaging technique for many years.

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Vision and Working

August 3rd 2006 01:13
Vision and Working :
It’s no accident that the main function of the sun at the center of our solar system is to provide light. Light is what drives life. It’s hard to imagine our world and life without it.
The sensing of light by living things is almost universal. Plants use light through photosynthesis to grow. Animals use light to hunt their prey or to sense and escape from predators. Some say that it is the development of stereoscopic vision, along with the development of the large human brain and the freeing of hands from locomotion, that have allowed humans to evolve to such a high level


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Vision and Working

August 3rd 2006 01:13
Vision and Working
The Eye
Vision and Working :
It’s no accident that the main function of the sun at the center of our solar system is to c
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